Applied Economics & Policy

Overview

Seminars

Conferences

Publications

Working Papers

 

The Applied Economics group brings together permanent faculty, visiting scholars and associate researchers as well as PhD students on both campuses, at ENS Paris-Saclay and University of Evry Paris-Saclay.

Research topics cover a wide range of subfields and applications: applied econometrics, labor economics, development economics, environmental economics, green finance, monetary policy, industrial organization and regulation.

The group participates actively at the Paris-Saclay Seminar, a weekly general research seminar on Thursdays at 12.15 pm. Numerous events are organized by the group members, together with other partners at Paris-Saclay (see Events section).


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Faculty members & PhD Students
Jérôme Héricourt, Professor University of Evry Paris-Saclay
Natacha Raffin, Professor ENS-Paris-Saclay
Maria-Eugenia Sanin, Associate Professor University of Evry Paris-Saclay
Vincent Martinet, Associate Professor Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay
Ekaterina Kalugina, Assistant Professor University of Evry-Val d’Essonne
Ariane Bousquet, PhD Student University of Evry-Val d'Essonne
Imen Daly, PhD Student University of Evry Paris-Saclay
Benjamin Lietti, PhD Student University of Evry-Val d'Essonne
Samuel Ligonnière, Assistant Professor Université Paris-Saclay
Guillaume Delafosse, ENS Paris-Saclay
Jules Ducept, PhD student University of Evry Paris-Saclay
Mathilde Degois, ENS Paris-Saclay
Francesco Savazzi, PhD Student University of Evry Val d'Essonne
Olivier Baguelin, Assistant Professor University of Evry Paris-Saclay
Thomas Vendryes, Assistant Professor ENS Paris-Saclay
Matthieu Crozet, Professor University Paris-Saclay
Valentina Alvarez Saavedra, ENS Paris-Saclay & Bordeaux School of Economics

Signal received? Carbon price and financial–environmental performance prioritization in EU ETS firms

International Review of Financial Analysis, 2025

Ethan Eslahi (CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Economie Management) & Anna Creti (Université Paris-Dauphine - PSL) & Maria-Eugenia Sanin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Cost vector effects in forced-choice discrete choice experiments: Assessing the acceptability of future glyphosate policies

Journal of Choice Modelling, 2025

Vincent Martinet (Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay) & Maïa David (Université Paris-Saclay) & Vincent Mermet-Bijon (Université Paris-Saclay) & Romain Crastes Dit Sourd (Leeds University Business School)

Not all banking crises are alike: Assessing their distributional impacts relative to pre-crisis credit gaps

Journal of International Money and Finance, 2025

Jean-Marc Atsebi (International Monetary Fund) & Samuel Ligonnière (Université Paris-Saclay) & Clément Mathonnat (BETA, University of Lorraine)

Inequality, current account imbalances, and middle incomes

Journal of International Money and Finance, 2025

Océane Blomme (University of Lille) & Jérôme Héricourt (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Work organization, gender and workforce transition to non‑employment in OECD countries

Eurasian Business Review, 2025

Ekaterina Kalugina (University of Evry-Val d’Essonne) & Nathalie Greenan (Cnam, Lirsa, CEET and TEPP) & Mouhamadou Moustapha Niang (Ministry of Justice)

Carbon taxation in a global production network

European Economic Review, 2025

Maria-Eugenia Sanin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Jordi Planelles (Universitat de Barcelona)

Satellites turn “concrete”: Tracking cement with satellite data and neural networks

Journal of Econometrics, 2024

Alexandre d'Aspremont (CNRS & DI, École Normale Supérieure) & Simon Ben Arous (Kayrros SAS) & Jean-Charles Bricongne (Banque de France) & Benjamin Lietti (University of Evry-Val d'Essonne) & Baptiste Meunier (European Central Bank)

Regulatory impact on Quality of Electricity Distribution Services: The case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, 2024

Mariana Weiss & Pauline Ravillard & Maria-Eugenia Sanin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Franco Carvajal & Yuri Daltro & Enrique Chueca & Michelle Hallack

Attractiveness of clean energy stocks in Europe

International Review of Financial Analysis, 2024

Maria-Eugenia Sanin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Ayşegül Uçkun Özkan (KTO Karatay University)

Cooperation in green R&D and Environmental Policies: Tax or Standard

Journal of Regulatory Economics, 1-33, 2024

Marie-Laure Cabon-Dhersin (Univ Rouen Normandie, LERN UR 4702) & Natacha Raffin (ENS-Paris-Saclay)

How Do Socially Responsible Investment Funds Go Green? The Influence of Investment Styles and managers' Experience

International Journal of Finance & Economics, 2024

Mathieu Mercadier (Dublin City University) & Yves Rannou (ESC Clermont Business School) & Jinzhao Chen (ESC Clermont Business School)

Car-fuel poverty: Determinants and policy implications for France

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2024

Ariane Bousquet (University of Evry-Val d'Essonne) & Maria-Eugenia Sanin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Main challenges regarding development and sustainability in economics and finance

Development and Sustainability in Economics and Finance, 2024

Stéphane Goutte (UMI SOURCE, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, IRD) & Maria-Eugenia Sanin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Coordinating social equity and emissions: Challenges in carbon tax policy

Energy Policy, 2024

Raphaël Semet (University of Evry-Val d'Essonne)

La montée des embauches en CDD court en France depuis 2000

Travail et emploi, 2024

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Contrats à durée limitée et indemnisation du chômage

Travail et emploi, 2024

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Where are the fathers? Effects of earmarking parental leave for fathers in France

Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2024

Hélène Périvier & Gregory Verdugo (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

La valorisation des aménités locales après la Covid-19

Revue française d'économie, 2024

Imen Daly (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

House prices and rents: a reappraisal

Maqcroeconomic Dynamics, 2023

Bertrand Achou (University of Groningen) & Hippolyte d’Albis (Paris School of Economics) & Eleni Iliopulos (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

The environment, life expectancy, and growth in overlapping generations models: A survey

Journal of Economic Surveys, 2023

Anna Dugan (TU Wien) & Alexia Prskawetz (TU Wien) & Natacha Raffin (ENS-Paris-Saclay)

Productivity slowdown and tax havens: Where is measured value creation?

Journal of International Economics, 2023

Jean-Charles Bricongne (Banque de France) & Samuel Delpeuch (Science Po) & Margarita Lopez-Forero (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Do elections affect immigration? Evidence from French municipalities

Journal of Public Economics, 2023

Benoît Schmutz (École Polytechnique and CREST) & Gregory Verdugo (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

To tax or to ban? A discrete choice experiment to elicit public preferences for phasing out glyphosate use in agriculture

PLOS One, 2023

Vincent Martinet (Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay)

The proximity-concentration trade-off with multi-product firms: Are exports and FDI complements or substitutes?

World Economy, 2022

Jean-Charles Bricongne (Banque de France) & Sebastian Franco Bedoya (World Bank) & Margarita Lopez-Forero (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Portfolio Construction with Climate Risk Measures

Climate Investing edited by Emmanuel Jurczenko, Wiley-ISTE, 2022

Théo Le Guenedal (Amundi Asset Management) & Thierry Roncalli (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Who stays and who leaves? Immigration and the selection of natives across locations

Journal of Economic Geography, 2022

Javier Ortega (Kingston University) & Gregory Verdugo (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Gestion des déchets, recyclage et qualité de l'emploi

Travail et Emploi, 2022

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Jean de Beir (University of Évry Paris-Saclay) & Sylvain Sourriseau (University évry Paris-Saclay)

Uncertainty shocks and unemployment dynamics

Economics Letters, 2022

François Langot (Le Mans University) & Malak Kandoussi (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Intragenerational inequality aversion and intergenerational equity

European Economic Review; vol. 144, 2022

Vincent Martinet (Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay) & S. Del Campo & R. Cairns

Could the environment be a normal good for you and an inferior good for me? A theory of context-dependent substitutability and needs

Resource and Energy Economics, vol. 69, 2022

M. Duproux & Vincent Martinet (Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay)

Regime-dependent effects of uncertainty shocks: A structural interpretation

Quantitative Economics, 2021

Fabien Tripier

Risk Shocks and Divergence between the Euro Area and the US in the Aftermath of the Great Recession

Annals of Economics and Statistics, 2021

Thomas Brand (CEPREMAP) & Fabien Tripier

COVID-induced sovereign risk in the euro area: When did the ECB stop the spread?

European Economic Review, 2021

Aymeric Ortmans (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Fabien Tripier

The Market Measure of Carbon Risk and its Impact on the Minimum Variance Portfolio

Journal of Portfolio Management, 2021

Théo Roncalli & Théo Le Guenedal (Amundi Asset Management) & Frédéric Lepetit & Thierry Roncalli (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Takaya Sekine

Structure of Income Inequality and Household Leverage: Cross-Country Causal Evidence

European Economic Review, 2021

Rémi Brazillier (Pantheon-Sorbonne University) & Jérôme Héricourt (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Samuel Ligonnière (Université Paris-Saclay)

Ecological Economists: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly?

Ecological Economics, vol. 179, 2021

H. Levrel & Vincent Martinet (Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay)

Growth and long-run sustainability

Environment and Development Economics; vol. 26, issue 4, p. 381-402, 2021

R. Cairns & Vincent Martinet (Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay)

Cross-border investments and uncertainty: Firm-level evidence

Journal of International Money and Finance, 2020

Rafael Cezar (Banque de France) & Timothée Gigout (CEPII, Collège de France) & Fabien Tripier

Handbook of Financial Risk Management

CRC Press, 2020

Thierry Roncalli (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Les robots sont-ils les ennemis de nos salaires ?

Regards croisés sur l'économie, 2020

Gregory Verdugo (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Labour Force Participation and Job Polarization: Evidence from Europe during the Great Recession

Labour Economics , 2020

Gregory Verdugo (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Guillaume Allègre (OFCE)

Substituabilité entre assurance et auto-assurance : une propriété robuste à l’asymétrie d’information et à l’ambiguïté

Revue d’Economie Politique, 130(4), 615-632. , 2020

Marielle Brunette (INRAE) & Anne Corcos (Université Jules Vernes Picardie) & Stéphane Couture (INRAE) & François Pannequin (ENS Paris-Saclay)

Factor Investing in Currency Markets: Does It Make Sense?

Journal of Portfolio Management, 2020

Elisa Baku & Roberta Fortes & Karine Hervé & Edmond Lezmi & Hassan Malongo & Thierry Roncalli (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Jiali Xu

Technological changes and population growth: The role of land in England

Economic Modelling, 2019

Claire Loupias (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Bertrand Wigniolle (Paris School of Economics)

La stratégie de l’Union européenne pour promouvoir l’égalité professionnelle est-elle efficace ?

Revue de l'OFCE, 2019

Gregory Verdugo (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Hélène Périvier

Real estate activity, democracy and land rights in rural China

China Economic Review, vol. 52, p. 54-79, 2018

Thomas Vendryes (ENS Paris-Saclay) & Shi Li (Beijing Normal University)

The quality effect of intra-firm bargaining with endogenous worker flows

International Journal of Economic Theory, 2018

Tristan-Pierre Maury (EDHEC Business School) & Fabien Tripier

The Global Iron and Steel Industry: From a Bilateral Oligopoly to a Thwarted Monopsony

Australian Economic Review, 2018

Sylvain Sourriseau (University évry Paris-Saclay)

Can Public Housing Decrease Segregation? Lessons and Challenges from Non-European Immigration in France

Demography, 2018

Gregory Verdugo (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Sorana Toma (CREST, ENSAE, Université Paris Saclay)

Corporate debt structure and economic recoveries

European Economic Review, 2018

Thomas Grjebine (CPEII) & Urszula Szczerbowicz (Banque de France) & Fabien Tripier

Uncertainty and the macroeconomy: evidence from an uncertainty composite indicator

Applied Economics, 2017

Amélie Charles (Audencia Business School) & Olivier Darné (LEMNA, University of Nantes) & Fabien Tripier

Protecting biodiversity by developing bio-jobs: a multibranch analysis with an illustration using French data

International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2017

Jean de Beir (University of Évry Paris-Saclay) & Céline Emond & Yannick L'Horty & Laetitia Tuffery

Sexual Orientation, Unemployment and Participation: Are Gays Less Employable than Straights?

Journal of Labor Research, 2016

Thierry Laurent (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Ferhat Mihoubi (University Paris-Est Créteil)

Time-Frequency Adapted Market Integration Measure Based on Hough Transformed Multiscale Decompositions

Computational Economics, 2016

George Tzagkarakis (Nicosia Cyprus) & Juliana Caicedo Llano (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Thomas Dionysopoulos (Nicosia Cyprus)

Dismissals scheduling and the employment of older workers

Economics bulletin, 2016

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

The Role of Apparent Sexual Orientation in Explaining the Heterogeneity of Wage Penalties Among Gay Employees

Sexual Orientation and Transgender Issues in Organizations, 2016

Thierry Laurent (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Ferhat Mihoubi (University Paris-Est Créteil)

Les emplois favorables à la biodiversité en Île-de-France

Économie et Prévision, 2016

Jean de Beir (University of Évry Paris-Saclay) & Céline Emond & Yannick L'Horty & Laetitia Tuffery

Sparse modeling of volatile financial time series via low-dimensional patterns over learned dictionaries

Algorithmic Finance, 2015

George Tzagkarakis (Nicosia Cyprus) & Juliana Caicedo Llano (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Thomas Dionysopoulos (Nicosia Cyprus)

Commentaire : contrats aidés des secteurs marchand et non marchand : deux logiques appelant des modalités distinctes d'évaluation ?

Économie et Statistique, 2015

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Comment on the article La coordination entre politique monétaire et politique macroprudentielle. Que disent les modèles DGSE ? Règle de Taylor augmentée versus règle macroprudentielle. Que disent les modèles DSGE ?

Revue Economique, 66 (3): 573-578. , 2015

Eleni Iliopulos (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

European equity fund managers: luck or skill?!

Economic Bulletin, 2014

Juliana Caicedo Llano (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Enareta Kurtbegu (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Unemployment insurance and management of the older workforce in a dual labor market: Evidence from France

Labour Economics, 2014

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Has the Quality of Work Improved in the EU-15 between 1995 and 2005?

Industrial and Corporate Change, 2014

Ekaterina Kalugina (University of Evry-Val d’Essonne) & Nathalie Greenan (Cnam, Lirsa, CEET and TEPP) & Emmanuelle Walkowiak (RMIT University)

A Test of Garicano's Knowledge Model

Economic bulletin, 2014

Amira Bouziri (University of Évry) & Marc-Arthur Diaye (Université d'évry-val-d'Essonne)

Orientation sexuelle et écart de salaire sur le marché du travail français : une identification indirecte

Économie et Statistique, 2014

Thierry Laurent (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Ferhat Mihoubi (University Paris-Est Créteil)

Bootstrap Analysis for Asian REIT’s Portfolios

Hanbook of Asian finance, 2014

Juliana Caicedo Llano (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Enareta Kurtbegu (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

L’Atlas de la biodiversité en Seine-et-Marne : quels liens entre biodiversité et société?

La dimension spatiale d’une politique locale de la biodiversité et de l’emploi (Chapître 7), 2014

Jean de Beir (University of Évry Paris-Saclay) & Céline Emond & Yannick L'Horty & Laetitia Tuffery

When do cooperation and commitment matter in a monetary union?

Journal of International Economics, 2013

Hubert Kempf (ENS Paris-Saclay) & Leopold von Thadden (University of Mainz, European Central Bank)

Avons-nous besoin d'une union budgétaire en Europe?

Revue économique, 2013

Hubert Kempf (ENS Paris-Saclay)

Qualité du travail et dynamique de l’emploi en Europe pendant la crise (2005-2010)

L’emploi en temps de crise, 2013

Thomas Amossé (Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi) & Ekaterina Kalugina (University of Evry-Val d’Essonne)

Politique conjoncturelle de l’emploi et structures des marchés du travail locaux : le déploiement territorial du contrat d’accompagnement dans l’emploi en 2009

Économie et Statistique, 2013

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Population, land, and growth

Economic Modelling, 2013

Claire Loupias (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Bertrand Wigniolle (Paris School of Economics)

Exploiting Market Integration for Pure Alpha Investments via Probabilistic Principal Factors Analysis

Journal of Mathematical Finance, 2013

Juliana Caicedo Llano (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & George Tzagkarakis (Nicosia Cyprus) & Thomas Dionysopoulos (Nicosia Cyprus)

The Working Poor

Growing Income Inequalities, 2012

Ekaterina Kalugina (University of Evry-Val d’Essonne)

Sexual Orientation and Wage Discrimination in France: The Hidden Side of the Rainbow

Journal of Labor Research, 2012

Thierry Laurent (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Ferhat Mihoubi (University Paris-Est Créteil)

Dépenses militaires, croissance et bien être : une simulation de l’impact macroéconomique de la R&D défense

Revue d'économie politique, 2012

Thierry Laurent (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Sharing the ‘fame’ of ISO standard adoption: quality supply chain effects evidence

International Journal of Production Research, 2012

Marc-Arthur Diaye (Université d'évry-val-d'Essonne) & Nathalie Greenan (Cnam, Lirsa, CEET and TEPP) & Sanja Pekovic (University Paris-Dauphine)

Economic Theory and Sustainable Development: What can we preserve for future generations?

Routledge, Oxon (United-Kingdom), 2012

Vincent Martinet (Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, INRAE, ENS Paris-Saclay)

Vertical aspects of male–female disparity in the labor market

Economic Letters, 2010

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Male-female wage gap and vertical occupational segmentation: the role of work attitude

Recherches économiques de Louvain, 2010

Olivier Baguelin (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

Intra-household inequality in transitional Russia

Review of Economics of the Household, 2009

Ekaterina Kalugina (University of Evry-Val d’Essonne) & Catherine Sofer (University Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne) & Natalia Radtchenko (University of Evry)

Preference as fulfilment of desires

Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2009

Marc-Arthur Diaye (Université d'évry-val-d'Essonne) & Daniel Schoch (Chiang Mai University)

Renouvellement des générations, précarité de l'emploi des jeunes et dynamique technologique des entreprises

Revue économique, 2006

Marc-Arthur Diaye (Université d'évry-val-d'Essonne) & Nathalie Greenan (Cnam, Lirsa, CEET and TEPP) & Claude Minni (Ministère de Travail) & Sonia Rosa Marques (Université d'Évry-val-d'Essonne)

The political economy of mass privatisation and imperfect taxation: Winners and loosers

Public Choice, 2006

Rudiger Ahrend (OECD Economics Department) & Carlos Winograd (Université d'Évry-val-d'Essonne)

Travail et pauvreté en Russie : évaluations objectives et perceptions subjectives

Économie et Statistique, 2004

Ekaterina Kalugina (University of Evry-Val d’Essonne) & Boris Najman (Université de Paris 1)

Pourquoi les entreprises évaluent-elles individuellement leurs salariés ?

Revue économique, 2004

Patricia Crifo (UMR 5824 CNRS, Univ. Lyon II) & Marc-Arthur Diaye (Université d'évry-val-d'Essonne) & Nathalie Greenan (Cnam, Lirsa, CEET and TEPP)

Incitations et transitions sur le marché du travail

Revue Économique, 2002

Thierry Laurent (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Yannick L'Horty & Patrick Maillé & Jean-François Ouvrard

Fiscalité imparfaite et privatisation de masse

Revue économique, 2001

Rudiger Ahrend (OECD Economics Department) & Carlos Winograd (Université d'Évry-val-d'Essonne)

Privatisation de masse et macroéconomie : un modèle théorique d'une petite économie ouverte

Revue économique, 1998

Thierry Verdier (CERAS, CEPR, DELTA) & Carlos Winograd (Université d'Évry-val-d'Essonne)

Privatisation massive, finances publiques et macroéconomie. Le cas de l'Argentine et du Chili. Par Guillermo Larrain et Carlos Winograd

Revue économique, 1996

Guillermo Larrain & Carlos Winograd (Université d'Évry-val-d'Essonne)

Epargne privée et retraite par répartition dans un modèle de croissance optimale, en avenir incertain et avec générations d'agents

Revue Économique, 1995

Claire Loupias (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Thierry Laurent (University of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Laurent Augier

CEPS working paper N°2025/18, 2025

Bitcoin Market Segmentation and Regulatory Effect

Mathilde Dufouleur (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

CEPS working paper N°2025/17, 2025

Impact of Insolvency Regimes on NPLs: Two Birds in the Bush is Worth One in the Hand

Jean-Charles Bricongne (Banque de France) & Mathilde Dufouleur (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

CEPS working paper N°2025/14, 2025

Tax incentives and Housing Renovation: Evidence from France

Imen Daly (University of Evry Paris-Saclay)

CEPS working paper N°2025/09, 2025

Monetary Policy Transmission and the Role of High- and Low-Quality Liquid Assets

CEPS working paper N°2025/08, 2025

Hukou-Based Discrimination, Dialects and City Characteristics

Thomas Vendryes (ENS Paris-Saclay) & Jiaqi Zhan (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

CEPS working paper N°2025/07, 2025

Limited Commitment, Social Control and Risk- Sharing Coalitions in Village Economies

Fernando Jaramillo (Universidad del Rosario) & Hubert Kempf (ENS Paris-Saclay) & Fabien Moizeau (University of Rennes) & Thomas Vendryes (ENS Paris-Saclay)

CEPS working paper N°2023/05, 2023

Risk Management and Public Policies: How prevention challenges monopolistic insurance markets

Anne Corcos (Université Jules Vernes Picardie) & François Pannequin (ENS Paris-Saclay)

CEPS working paper N°2023/04, 2023

What if compulsory insurance triggered self-insurance? An experimental evidence

Anne Corcos (Université Jules Vernes Picardie) & François Pannequin (ENS Paris-Saclay) & Claude Montmarquette

CEPS working paper N°2022/07, 2022

Immigration, integration, and the informal economy in OECD countries

Oussama Ben Atta (Univesity of Evry Paris-Saclay) & Isabelle Chort (Universite de Pau) & Jean Noel Senne (Université Paris Saclay, RITM)